Calidad de la dieta en mayores de 65 años y factores socioeconómicos relacionados / Diet quality in a population aged over 65 and related socioeconomic factors

INTRODUCCIÓN: El consumo de ciertos alimentos y los hábitos saludables se relacionan con padecer o prevenir algunas enfermedades crónicas. Estos alimentos suelen estar recogidos en pirámides de alimentación, como las de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria. Una manera de analizar la calidad de la dieta es mediante índices que valoran la frecuencia de consumo de los diferentes alimentos. OBJETIVO: Analizar la calidad de la dieta en la población española mayor de 65 años mediante el índice de alimentación saludable y determinar cómo afectan los factores sociodemográficos al resultado final de la misma. DISEÑO: Se realizó un estudio transversal y descriptivo de la dieta de la población española mayor de 65 años en sus hogares a partir del índice de alimentación saludable, utilizando como información la Encuesta Europea de Salud en España de 2014. Mediante un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple se determinaron los factores socioeconómicos relacionados con la calidad de la dieta. RESULTADOS: El 89,6% de la población en estudio necesita cambios en la dieta, y tan solo un 8,2% sigue una dieta saludable. Padecer enfermedades crónicas, tener sobrepeso y realizar actividad física de forma ocasional se asocian con una mejor puntuación en el índice de alimentación saludable. CONCLUSIÓN: La mayor parte de la población de 65 o más años necesita realizar cambios en sus patrones alimentarios. Las personas con riesgos potenciales para la salud son las que cuidan más su alimentación. Estos resultados confirman la necesidad de promover pautas de alimentación saludable en la población sana

INTRODUCTION: The consumption of certain foods and healthy eating habits are related to preventing and suffering from a number of chronic diseases. These foods tend to be included in food pyramids, such as that proposed by the Spanish Society for Community Nutrition. One method of analysing diet quality is the use of indices that assess the frequency of consumption of different food groups. AIM: To analyse diet quality in a Spanish population of persons aged over 65 years using the Healthy Eating Index and to determine how sociodemographic factors affect scores on the index. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on the diet followed at home by Spanish population aged over 65years, using the Healthy Eating Index and taking information from the 2014 European Health Interview Survey in Spain. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the socioeconomic factors associated with diet quality. RESULTS: Of the study population, 89.6% need to make changes in their diet, while only 8.2% follow a healthy diet. Suffering from chronic diseases, overweight and occasional physical exercise were associated with higher scores on the Healthy Eating Index. CONCLUSION: Most of the population aged 65 years or over need to make changes in their dietary patterns. Those with potential health risks are more careful about their diet. These findings confirm the need to promote guidelines for healthy eating in the non-clinical population

[Diet quality in a population aged over 65 and related socioeconomic factors]. / Calidad de la dieta en mayores de 65 años y factores socioeconómicos relacionados.

INTRODUCTION: The consumption of certain foods and healthy eating habits are related to preventing and suffering from a number of chronic diseases. These foods tend to be included in food pyramids, such as that proposed by the Spanish Society for Community Nutrition. One method of analysing diet quality is the use of indices that assess the frequency of consumption of different food groups. AIM: To analyse diet quality in a Spanish population of persons aged over 65years using the Healthy Eating Index and to determine how sociodemographic factors affect scores on the index. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on the diet followed at home by Spanish population aged over 65years, using the Healthy Eating Index and taking information from the 2014 European Health Interview Survey in Spain. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the socioeconomic factors associated with diet quality. RESULTS: Of the study population, 89.6% need to make changes in their diet, while only 8.2% follow a healthy diet. Suffering from chronic diseases, overweight and occasional physical exercise were associated with higher scores on the Healthy Eating Index. CONCLUSION: Most of the population aged 65years or over need to make changes in their dietary patterns. Those with potential health risks are more careful about their diet. These findings confirm the need to promote guidelines for healthy eating in the non-clinical population.

Costes asociados a la desnutrición previa a la enfermedad y la desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad en ancianos: una revisión sistemática.

INTRODUCTION: Malnutrition is a health problem which affects a high percentage of old people since the physical and psychosocial changes common to this period of life favor it in this group. In addition, aging population has a high prevalence of chronic illnesses and acute pathologies which can affect their nutritional state negatively, leading to malnutrition related to illness. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic revision was to analyze the economic costs related to malnutrition in old people and to discover whether there were differences between economic costs of pre-existing malnutrition prior to illness and malnutrition because of disease. METHOD: A bibliographic search was carried out in the databases of Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus, for the period between 2000 and 2016. RESULTS: A total of 1,001 articles were found and 19 were selected using inclusion criteria. Of these, eleven analyzed the costs of pre-existing malnutrition prior to illness, seven analyzed the costs of malnutrition related to illness and one, both situations. CONCLUSIONS: In general, malnutrition increased health costs as a result of hospital admissions, greater number of readmissions and greater demand on health resources. Moreover, in the studies analyzed, pre-existing malnutrition prior to illness implied greater costs than those related to the actual illness; therefore, it would be convenient to establish selection and preventive policies on malnutrition in old people.

Costes asociados a la desnutrición previa a la enfermedad y la desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad en ancianos: una revisión sistemática / Cost associated with malnutrition prior to disease and disease-related malnutrition in the elderly: a systematic review

Introducción: la desnutrición es un problema de salud que afecta en un elevado porcentaje al colectivo de ancianos, ya que los cambios físicos y psicosociales propios de esta etapa de la vida favorecen la aparición de la misma. Además, la población anciana presenta una elevada prevalencia en enfermedades crónicas y patologías agudas que pueden afectar negativamente al estado nutricional, provocando desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad. Objetivo: el propósito de esta revisión sistemática fue analizar el coste económico relacionado con la desnutrición en personas mayores y si existen diferencias entre los costes de la desnutrición previa a la enfermedad y la desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad. Método: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Pubmed, Web of Science y Scopus, para el periodo comprendido entre 2000 y 2016. Resultados: se encontraron un total de 1.001 artículos y, utilizando los criterios de inclusión, se seleccionaron 19. De ellos, once analizaron los costes de la desnutrición previa a la enfermedad; siete, los costes de la desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad, y uno, ambas situaciones. Conclusiones: la desnutrición en general incrementa el gasto sanitario debido al aumento de estancias hospitalarias, al mayor número de reingresos y a la mayor demanda de recursos sanitarios. Además, en los estudios analizados, la desnutrición previa a la enfermedad implicó mayores costes que la relacionada con la enfermedad, por lo que sería conveniente establecer políticas de cribado y prevención de la desnutrición en los ancianos (AU)

Introduction: Malnutrition is a health problem which affects a high percentage of old people since the physical and psychosocial changes common to this period of life favor it in this group. In addition, aging population has a high prevalence of chronic illnesses and acute pathologies which can affect their nutritional state negatively, leading to malnutrition related to illness. Objective: The aim of this systematic revision was to analyze the economic costs related to malnutrition in old people and to discover whether there were differences between economic costs of pre-existing malnutrition prior to illness and malnutrition because of disease. Method: A bibliographic search was carried out in the databases of Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus, for the period between 2000 and 2016. Results: A total of 1,001 articles were found and 19 were selected using inclusion criteria. Of these, eleven analyzed the costs of pre-existing malnutrition prior to illness, seven analyzed the costs of malnutrition related to illness and one, both situations. Conclusions: In general, malnutrition increased health costs as a result of hospital admissions, greater number of readmissions and greater demand on health resources. Moreover, in the studies analyzed, pre-existing malnutrition prior to illness implied greater costs than those related to the actual illness; therefore, it would be convenient to establish selection and preventive policies on malnutrition in old people (AU)